A regional decomposition method is proposed to facilitate pattern analysis and recognition. It splits a complicated pattern into several simple parts or sub-patterns, so that the pattern can be identified by examining the distinct parts. A complexity analysis is derived in this paper to prove the effectiveness of the regional decomposition method; mathematical and statistical formulas are also provided to evaluate the recognition rates of different parts. For a sample of 36 alphanumeric characters handprinted in 89 most common styles, the total mean recognition rates of parts have been found to be 30% higher than those obtained from subjective experiments.