Refereed full papers (journals, book chapters, international conferences)

1997

@inproceedings{PAO1997,
	vgclass =	{refpap},
	author =	{Alex Pentland and Ali Azarbayjani and Nuria Oliver and
	Matt Brand},
	title =	{Real-Time 3{D} Interpretation of Human Behavior},
	booktitle =	{The 10th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis},
	address =	{Lappeenranta, Finland},
	pages =	{189--196},
	month =	{June},
	year =	{1997},
	abstract =	{We describe a system for real-time 3-D tracking and
	classification of human behavior using only modest computational
	resources.  The system is based on use of 2-D \emph{blob features}, a
	technique for characterizing the probability distribution function
	(PDF) of the appearance of interesting objects. From these features we
	recover 3-D shape, translations, and orientations of hands/head/mouth
	and the relative orientation of the cameras. The system is
	self-calibrating and can track people's head and hands with RMS errors
	of 1--2 cm in translation and 2 degrees in rotation. Patterns of
	behavior (e.g., hand or face gestures) can then be classified in
	real-time using Hidden Markov Model (HMM) methods, importantly
	including the new Coupled HMM methods that we have recently developed
	(Brand, Oliver and Pentland 1997). Typical classification accuracies
	are near 100\%.},
}