Refereed full papers (journals, book chapters, international conferences)

1999

@article{MaS1999,
	vgclass =	{refpap},
	vgproject =	{cbir},
	author =	{Marjo Markkula and Eero Sormunen},
	title =	{End-User Searching Challenges Indexing Practices in
      the Digital Photo Archive},
	journal =	{Information Retrieval},
	year =	{1999},
	url =	{http://www.info.uta.fi/tutkimus/Abstract2.html},
	abstract =	{Past research in conceptual indexing methods of images have
	furnished us with refined theoretical frameworks characterising various
	aspects of images that could and should be indexed using textual
	descriptors. The development of digital image processing technologies has
	bred a brigade of content-based indexing and retrieval methods available
	for applications. What the users need and in what kinds of environments
	different indexing and retrieval methods are relevant, has remained an area
	of less intensive research work. 

	This article presents the results of a field study concentrating on
	journalists as users of a digital newspaper photo archive. The expressed
	photo needs, applied selection criteria and observed searching behaviours
	in journalists' daily work were contrasted with the indexing practices
	applied by the archivists. The results showed that the journalists achieved
	satisfying results when trivial query terms were available, e.g. when
	photos of named persons were needed. Browsing was the main searching
	strategy applied by the journalists, but the system did not support
	browsing well. The access problems faced by the users in particular photo
	needs and selection criteria applied are discussed in detail. The paper
	concludes by discussing the potential approaches in developing both the
	concept-based and content-based indexing methods as well as the user
	interfaces in photo retrieval systems.},
}